:root{
  --paper:#F6F3EC;
  --paper-2:#F1EDE4;
  --sand:#EAE3D5;
  --ink:#141310;
  --ink-2:#1C1A16;
  --muted:#6E675A;
  --accent:#C26A1B;

  --line:rgba(20,19,16,.14);
  --line-soft:rgba(20,19,16,.075);
  --line-inv:rgba(242,240,234,.16);

  --display:'Space Grotesk','Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
  --serif:'Instrument Serif',ui-serif,Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;
  --sans:'Inter',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,sans-serif;

  --max:1200px;
  --gut:clamp(20px,5vw,40px);
  --r:16px;
  --r-lg:20px;
  --r-sm:14px;

  --e:cubic-bezier(.22,1,.36,1);
  --e-io:cubic-bezier(.65,.05,.36,1);
}

*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
html:focus-within{scroll-behavior:smooth}
body{
  margin:0;
  background:var(--paper);
  color:var(--ink);
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:16px;
  line-height:1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;
  font-feature-settings:"kern" 1,"liga" 1,"cv05" 1;
  overflow-x:hidden;
}
body.is-locked{overflow:hidden;height:100%}
img{max-width:100%;display:block}
a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
button{font:inherit;color:inherit;background:none;border:0;cursor:pointer}
ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}
h1,h2,h3,h4,p,figure,blockquote{margin:0}
::selection{background:var(--accent);color:var(--paper)}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:4px}

.wrap{width:100%;max-width:var(--max);margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:var(--gut)}
.sr{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap}
.skip{position:fixed;top:-100px;left:16px;z-index:300;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:10px 16px;border-radius:999px;font-size:13px}
.skip:focus{top:16px}

*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
html:focus-within{scroll-behavior:smooth}
body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:16px;line-height:1.6;
  -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;overflow-x:hidden}
img{max-width:100%;display:block}
a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}
button{font:inherit;color:inherit;background:none;border:0;cursor:pointer}
ul,ol{margin:0;padding:0}
h1,h2,h3,h4,p,figure,blockquote,dl,dd{margin:0}
::selection{background:var(--accent);color:var(--paper)}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:4px}
.wrap{width:100%;max-width:var(--max);margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:var(--gut)}
.sr{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap}
.skip{position:fixed;top:-100px;left:16px;z-index:300;background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);padding:10px 16px;border-radius:999px;font-size:13px}
.skip:focus{top:16px}
.it{font-family:var(--serif);font-style:italic;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.01em}
.ac{color:var(--accent)}

/* ── reading progress ── */
.prog{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:2px;z-index:130;background:transparent}
.prog span{display:block;height:100%;background:var(--accent);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:0 50%;
  transition:transform .1s linear}

/* ── nav ── */
.bnav{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:120;background:rgba(246,243,236,.82);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(1.3);backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(1.3);
  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.bnav__in{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;padding-block:12px}
.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;min-width:0}
.brand__mk{display:grid;place-items:center;width:36px;height:36px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:50%;
  font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;font-size:.8rem;flex-shrink:0;
  transition:background-color .35s var(--e),color .35s var(--e),border-color .35s var(--e)}
.brand:hover .brand__mk{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--ink)}
.brand__wm{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:.8rem;letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;
  white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}
.bnav__r{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex-shrink:0}
.bnav__r a:not(.btn){font-size:.85rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--muted);padding:8px 4px;transition:color .3s var(--e)}
.bnav__r a:not(.btn):hover{color:var(--ink)}

.btn{position:relative;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;padding:12px 22px;border-radius:999px;
  border:1px solid var(--ink);font-size:.86rem;font-weight:500;white-space:nowrap;
  background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);overflow:hidden;transition:color .4s var(--e),border-color .4s var(--e)}
.btn span{position:relative;z-index:1;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}
.btn::before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;background:var(--accent);transform:translateY(101%);transition:transform .5s var(--e)}
.btn:hover::before{transform:translateY(0)}
.btn--ghost{background:transparent;color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--line)}
.btn--ghost:hover{color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--accent)}
.btn--sm{padding:10px 18px;font-size:.8rem}

/* ── article ── */
.crumb{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;align-items:center;font-size:.74rem;letter-spacing:.09em;
  text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);padding-top:clamp(28px,5vw,56px)}
.crumb a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.crumb .s{opacity:.4}
.crumb [aria-current]{color:var(--ink)}

.ahead{padding-block:clamp(20px,3vw,32px) clamp(26px,4vw,44px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.ameta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin-bottom:18px;
  font-size:.73rem;letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted)}
.ameta .k{color:var(--accent)}
.ameta .s{opacity:.4}
.atitle{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.038em;line-height:1.02;
  font-size:clamp(2rem,6vw,3.7rem);max-width:19ch}
.adek{margin-top:clamp(16px,2vw,22px);font-size:clamp(1.02rem,1.6vw,1.22rem);line-height:1.58;
  color:var(--muted);max-width:60ch}

.alayout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 280px;gap:clamp(30px,5vw,72px);
  align-items:start;padding-block:clamp(32px,5vw,60px)}
.aside{position:sticky;top:86px;font-size:.88rem}
.toc__t{font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);
  padding-bottom:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:12px}
.toc li{list-style:none}
.toc a{display:block;padding:7px 0;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.4;
  border-left:1px solid transparent;padding-left:12px;margin-left:-12px;
  transition:color .3s var(--e),border-color .3s var(--e)}
.toc a:hover,.toc a.on{color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--accent)}

/* TL;DR — the block answer engines quote */
.tldr{border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:2px solid var(--accent);border-radius:var(--r);
  background:rgba(194,106,27,.045);padding:clamp(20px,2.4vw,26px);margin-bottom:clamp(28px,3.4vw,40px)}
.tldr h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.02em;font-size:.76rem;
  text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:14px}
.tldr ul{padding-left:0}
.tldr li{list-style:none;position:relative;padding-left:20px;margin-bottom:9px;font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.55}
.tldr li::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:2px;top:.62em;width:6px;height:1.5px;background:var(--accent)}
.tldr li:last-child{margin-bottom:0}

.prose{max-width:70ch;font-size:clamp(1rem,1.2vw,1.08rem);line-height:1.72;color:#2A2721}
.prose>*+*{margin-top:1.25em}
.prose h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.032em;line-height:1.16;
  font-size:clamp(1.45rem,2.9vw,2rem);color:var(--ink);margin-top:2.1em;scroll-margin-top:96px}
.prose h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.026em;line-height:1.25;
  font-size:clamp(1.12rem,1.9vw,1.32rem);color:var(--ink);margin-top:1.7em;scroll-margin-top:96px}
.prose strong{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}
.prose a:not(.btn){color:var(--ink);background-image:linear-gradient(var(--accent),var(--accent));
  background-size:100% 1px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:0 100%;
  transition:color .3s var(--e),background-size .3s var(--e)}
.prose a:not(.btn):hover{color:var(--accent)}
.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:1.25em}
.prose li{margin-top:.55em}
.prose li::marker{color:var(--accent)}
.prose blockquote{border-left:2px solid var(--accent);padding:2px 0 2px 22px;margin-left:0;
  font-family:var(--serif);font-style:italic;font-size:1.22em;line-height:1.45;color:var(--ink)}
.prose code{font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;font-size:.86em;
  background:rgba(20,19,16,.055);border:1px solid var(--line-soft);border-radius:6px;padding:.12em .38em}
.prose pre{background:var(--ink);color:#EDE9E0;border-radius:var(--r);padding:clamp(16px,2vw,22px);
  overflow-x:auto;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.65;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}
.prose pre code{background:none;border:0;padding:0;color:inherit;font-size:1em}
.prose figure{margin:0}
.prose figcaption{margin-top:10px;font-size:.84rem;color:var(--muted)}
.tablewrap{overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r)}
.prose table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.92rem;min-width:460px}
.prose th,.prose td{text-align:left;padding:12px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}
.prose th{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;font-size:.74rem;letter-spacing:.1em;
  text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);background:rgba(20,19,16,.028)}
.prose tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}
.prose hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-block:2.2em}

.keyq{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:2.4em;padding-top:1.6em}
.keyq h2{margin-top:0}
.qa{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.qa summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;
  padding-block:16px;font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.022em;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.35}
.qa summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.qa summary::marker{content:""}
.qa summary:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.qa .pm{position:relative;flex-shrink:0;width:18px;height:18px;margin-top:4px}
.qa .pm::before,.qa .pm::after{content:"";position:absolute;background:var(--accent);transition:transform .4s var(--e)}
.qa .pm::before{left:0;right:0;top:50%;height:1.5px;margin-top:-.75px}
.qa .pm::after{top:0;bottom:0;left:50%;width:1.5px;margin-left:-.75px}
.qa[open] .pm::after{transform:scaleY(0)}
.qa .a{padding-bottom:18px;color:var(--muted);font-size:.98rem;line-height:1.65}

.author{display:flex;gap:18px;align-items:flex-start;margin-top:clamp(40px,5vw,64px);
  padding-top:clamp(26px,3vw,34px);border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.author__mk{display:grid;place-items:center;width:52px;height:52px;border-radius:50%;flex-shrink:0;
  background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;font-size:.95rem}
.author__n{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.025em;font-size:1.08rem}
.author__r{font-size:.8rem;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:2px}
.author__b{margin-top:10px;font-size:.94rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);max-width:56ch}
.author__l{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:14px}
.chip{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:8px 14px;border:1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius:999px;font-size:.8rem;color:var(--muted);
  transition:background-color .35s var(--e),color .35s var(--e),border-color .35s var(--e)}
.chip:hover{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--ink)}

.next{margin-top:clamp(44px,6vw,80px)}
.next__t{font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);
  padding-bottom:16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.next__g{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:0 clamp(20px,3vw,40px)}
.nx{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:22px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.nx__k{font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:8px}
.nx__t{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.028em;line-height:1.2;font-size:1.1rem}
.nx:hover .nx__t{color:var(--accent)}

/* ── journal index ── */
.jhead{padding-block:clamp(30px,5vw,56px) clamp(26px,4vw,44px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.jtitle{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.04em;line-height:.95;
  font-size:clamp(2.6rem,10vw,6rem)}
.jsub{margin-top:18px;font-size:clamp(1rem,1.5vw,1.14rem);line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);max-width:56ch}
.jlist{padding-block:clamp(10px,2vw,20px) clamp(40px,6vw,80px)}
.jrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr) 34px;gap:clamp(16px,3vw,40px);align-items:start;
  padding-block:clamp(24px,3.2vw,38px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);transition:background-color .5s var(--e)}
.jrow:hover{background:rgba(20,19,16,.02)}
.jrow__m{font-size:.73rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.9}
.jrow__m .k{color:var(--accent);display:block}
.jrow__t{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.032em;line-height:1.14;
  font-size:clamp(1.3rem,2.9vw,2rem)}
.jrow__x{margin-top:10px;font-size:.96rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);max-width:62ch}
.jrow__a{display:grid;place-items:center;width:34px;height:34px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:50%;
  align-self:center;transition:background-color .4s var(--e),color .4s var(--e),border-color .4s var(--e),transform .4s var(--e)}
.jrow:hover .jrow__a{background:var(--accent);color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--accent);transform:translateX(4px)}

/* ── CTA + footer ── */
.cta{background:var(--ink);color:#F2F0EA;padding-block:clamp(44px,6vw,80px);margin-top:clamp(40px,6vw,80px)}
.cta__t{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.04em;line-height:1;
  font-size:clamp(1.9rem,5.4vw,3.4rem);max-width:17ch}
.cta__t .it{font-size:1.1em;line-height:.86}
.cta__p{margin-top:18px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.6;color:rgba(242,240,234,.6);max-width:44ch}
.cta__b{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin-top:28px}
.cta .btn{background:#F2F0EA;color:var(--ink);border-color:#F2F0EA}
.cta .btn:hover{color:var(--paper)}
.cta .btn--ghost{background:transparent;color:#F2F0EA;border-color:var(--line-inv)}

.bfoot{background:var(--ink);color:rgba(242,240,234,.55);padding-bottom:clamp(24px,3vw,36px)}
.bfoot__in{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px 24px;
  padding-top:clamp(20px,2.4vw,28px);border-top:1px solid var(--line-inv);font-size:.8rem}
.bfoot a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.cta .btn span{color:inherit}
.bfoot b{color:#F2F0EA;font-weight:500}

/* ── reveal ── */
[data-rv]{opacity:0;transform:translateY(20px);transition:opacity .8s var(--e) var(--d,0s),transform .8s var(--e) var(--d,0s)}
[data-rv].in{opacity:1;transform:none}

@media (max-width:980px){
  .alayout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
  .aside{position:static;order:-1;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--r);padding:18px 20px}
  .toc__t{margin-bottom:4px}
}
@media (max-width:620px){
  .brand__wm{display:none}
  .bnav__r{gap:4px}
  .bnav__r a:not(.btn){font-size:.82rem;padding-inline:8px}
}
@media (max-width:400px){
  .bnav__r a:not(.btn):first-child{display:none}
  .btn--sm{padding:9px 15px;font-size:.78rem}
}
@media (max-width:900px){
  /* >=44px touch targets, hit area only — visuals unchanged */
  .crumb a,.toc a,.bfoot a,.chip,.brand,.bnav__r a:not(.btn),.nx{position:relative}
  .crumb a::after,.toc a::after,.bfoot a::after,.chip::after,.brand::after,
  .bnav__r a:not(.btn)::after{content:"";position:absolute;z-index:1}
  .crumb a::after{inset:-12px -8px}
  .toc a::after{inset:-6px 0}
  .bfoot a::after{inset:-15px -9px}
  .chip::after{inset:-4px 0}
  .brand::after{inset:-4px -6px}
  .bnav__r a:not(.btn)::after{inset:-4px -3px}
}
@media (max-width:680px){
  .jrow{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:10px}
  .jrow__m{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 10px;line-height:1.5}
  .jrow__m .k{display:inline}
  .jrow__m br{display:none}
  .jrow__a{display:none}
  .next__g{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}
  .author{flex-direction:column;gap:14px}
  .bfoot__in{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  html:focus-within{scroll-behavior:auto}
  *,*::before,*::after{animation-duration:.001ms!important;transition-duration:.001ms!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}
  [data-rv]{opacity:1!important;transform:none!important}
}